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Anaemia & CKD Insights from the 58th ERA-EDTA Virtual Congress, 5–8 June 2021
Introduction
Anaemia is a well-known and common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as reduced quality of life. It is caused by several complex mechanisms, such as a decrease in endogenous erythropoietin (EPO), iron deficiency, and/or inflammation with elevated hepcidin levels. Patients are frequently treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) and/or oral or intravenous iron supplementation, but these treatments are sometimes insuffici