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In the world history, the Aral Sea basin is among the most ancient centers of civilization.
Amudarya and Syrdarya — two main rivers in the basin, water resources of which are allocated to arid lands irrigation and the Aral Sea with their tributaries Vakhsh, Pyandj, Surkhandarya, Kafirnigan, Zerafshan, Naryn, Chirchik, Karadarya and others form a large water system, which is included in water-resources scheme of the Aral Sea basin.
Five independent states of CIS — the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan — and part of Afghanistan are entirely and partly situated on the territory of the basin.